“一平台、雙紐帶”的聯系機制將促進中拉之間更加務實有效的對話。近年來,隨著拉共體的創建、南方共同市場的擴員,拉美地區一體化推進再度活躍。從長期發展趨勢看,合作的程度不會僅停留在協議表面,而是將逐漸落實到加強區域內貿易和投資的實質上來。鑒於目前WTO多哈回合談判陷入僵局,世界范圍內的匯率戰、貿易戰硝煙再起的現實情況,中拉之間密切的經貿合作關系正好從一定程度上彌補了發達國家因其經濟萎縮所留下的缺口,不僅沒有使拉美國家對未來全球經濟合作喪失信心,反而更加增強了信心。特別是,中拉論壇的成立(即所謂的“一平台”)開啟了中拉之間整體深度合作的新進程。在這個平台上,中國與拉美一個有代表性的地區組織進行整體對話與溝通,更加有利於從地區層面進行規劃與布局。此外,作為“雙紐帶”中的一個紐帶,也就是在雙邊自貿協定方面,“中國與智利”、“中國與秘魯”和“中國與哥斯達黎加”已經簽署了自由貿易協定,在這樣的示范效應下,將會有更多的拉美國家與中國結成密切的雙邊自由貿易合作伙伴﹔同時,作為“雙紐帶”中的另一個紐帶,中國與拉美次區域組織(安第斯共同體、南方共同市場等)之間的合作也將加速推進。這種“以點帶面”的方式將為中拉經貿關系發展注入新的活力與內涵。
總而言之,中拉經貿合作的機遇遠大於挑戰,這充分印証了鄧小平在1988年就高瞻遠矚地預測到“21世紀將是太平洋和拉美的世紀”是多麼的睿智和偉大。我們有充分的理由相信,中拉經貿合作將從21世紀初的“雙手相握”時代走向更加緊密的“熱情相擁”時代。
注釋
1 作者根據CEIC數據庫計算。
2 作者根據CEIC數據庫計算。
3 Economic Commission for Latin America and Caribbean (ECLAC), Latin America and the Caribbean in the World Economy 2010-2011: The Region in the Decade of the Emerging Economies, United Nations, 2012, p.17.
4 Economic Commission for Latin America and Caribbean (ECLAC), Foreign Direct Investment in Latin America and the Caribbean 2013 (briefing paper), United Nations, 2014, p.19.
5 作者根據WTO網站所提供的數據整理計算,http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/adp_e/adp_e.htm。
6 Economic Commission for Latin America and Caribbean (ECLAC), The United States and Latin America and the Caribbean: Highlights of Economics and Trade, United States, 2011, p5.
7 劉世錦主編:《中國經濟增長十年展望》,北京:中信出版社,2013年,第22頁。
8 10 胡必亮主編:《2040年的拉丁美洲》,北京:中國大百科全書出版社,2014年,第35頁。
9 王海林:《拉美需投兩萬億搞基建》,《環球時報》,2013年11月6日。
The Century of the Pacific and Latin America
—Opportunity and Challenge of Sino-Latin America Economic and Trade Cooperation
Hu Biliang Zhang Yong
Abstract: Before the year 2000, economic and trade cooperation between China and Latin America developed very slowly. As Chinese industry becomes more competitive and Chinese economy grows stronger, China has had an increasingly important meaning to Latin America; at the same time, Latin America is also of great significance in sustaining Chinese economic development due to its huge commodity and investment market and rich economic resources. President Xi Jinping visited Latin America for two consecutive years, which helps to advance the bilateral economic and trade cooperation, fully tap the potential of both sides, better use their economic complementarity and transform the mode of economic growth, promote South-South Cooperation, and improve the structure and mechanism of global governance. As long as the two sides continue to jointly eliminate protectionist barriers, try as much as possible to promote balance in investment and trade distribution in different industries and strengthen training professionals on the basis of mutual trust, they will achieve more fruitful results in economic and trade development, industrialization, infrastructure construction and financial cooperation.
Keywords: Sino-Latin America economic and trade cooperation, opportunity, challenge, trend
作者簡介
胡必亮,北京師范大學新興市場研究院院長兼發展研究院院長、教授、博導,曾兩次榮獲孫冶方經濟科學獎。研究方向為發展經濟學、制度經濟學、新興市場經濟。主要著作有《Informal Institutions and Rural Development in China》等。張勇,中國社會科學院拉丁美洲研究所副研究員。
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